Kasit Piromya, Thai foreign minister, said that Russia and other countries such as India and China assisted Cambodia during the recent military clashes at the border between the two countries.
Month: February 2011
Preah Vihear fund raising
Raising funds for supporting the military at Preah Vihear is now ubiquitous since the recent clash at the border occured. The provincial governors under the advice from the ministry of Interior organizes group to raise fund from the people in the province. Also, in the the city, the residents are asked to contribute money to the foundation. Before, the fund rasing just raised through television or radio from people who want to contribute, but now the foundation goes to people directly. A lot of people contribute their money to the foundation. This shows the nationalism of the people. However, a small number of people now seem bored of the fund raising.
Rich and poor university guarantee the quality of education
By Sun Narin and Vorn Makara
With the increasing in privately-owned higher education institutions, especially universities in Phnom Penh, Accreditation Committee of Cambodia (ACC) is working to ensure the quality education for students since the different fee gap becomes the main concern.
According to Ministry of Education, there are around 40 institutions and universities nationwide, approximately 30 of which are private. Pen Sithol, the director of Department of Standards and Accreditation which oversees ACC, said that the growing universities indicate a good sign to education system because Cambodia is a free market, explaining that, “It can make all universities compete with each other and cement the quality, and students have choice to choose university they want.”
ACC sets all the quality education requirements for all universities, focusing on 9 standards namely mission, governing structure and management and planning, academic programs, teaching staffs, student and student services, teaching and learning resources, physical facilities, financial management and planning, and dissemination of information. In 2008, ACC evaluated all the higher institutions of learning in Phnom Penh, finding there are some five universities failing to meet the standards of quality set by ACC, according to Pen Sithol.
A few most expensive universities recently established, charge a large amount of fee including Limkokwing whose fee is at least 1700 dollars and Zaman charging average 3000 dollars per year. Some others charge high, acceptable and small fee which a number of students are skeptical that how they can grant the quality education.
However, Pen Sithol said that all the universities have the resource to set the fee, explaining that sometimes they have supportive fund from other partnership organizations, so they charge only small money.
“It does not mean that universities charging cheap fee have no quality,” but adding that in case the universities do not have other fund to support, they charge small fee which results in the limitation of facility and human resource and quality will follow that.
Being established since 2007 and recognized by ACC in 2008, Phnom Penh-based Chenla University charges students with fee ranging from 250 to 350 dollars per year comparing to the other private universities is lower. Sin Khandy, president of Chenla University, said that his university charges inexpensive price and discounts for students.
“I want to help poor students and I also guarantee the quality for them [students],” adding that his school has experienced human resource at least holding master degree, following standards and students can put their knowledge into practice, “My school has foreign sponsorship partner of Konyang University and I have capital to support everything for my school,” he said.
Asia Euro University (AEU) charges small fee the same as Chenla University. Chhoeun Savorn, vice-rector of AEU, said that the quality is also ensured by hiring experienced teaching staffs and providing enough school material.
“We have our own building unlike other university, so it can ease our spending. We also want to help students who cannot afford to study expensive university,” he said.
How Leanghor, 21, year-one student of nursing at Chenla University, said that his university charges acceptable fee comparing to other universities which cost a lot of money, adding that the quality is guaranteed for students as other universities.
“The quality is the same with experienced human resource from other expensive universities. Some universities charge a lot of fee because of their name,” he said.
Pen Sithol said that the generally universities charging expensive money have enough facilities and professional human resource, adding that it is very hard to judge which one is good or bad.
“We just match the quality of the universities to our standard. It is not dependent on the school fee, the most important is that students can absorb the knowledge from lecturers or not,” he said.
Kieng Rotana, vice-rector of Pannasastra University of Cambodia (PUC) which some 3000 students enroll annually, said that his university charges students more than 600 dollars per year and provides quality education and good student service such as human resource and various facilities.
“Our price that we charge is still low if we think about the quality. We are following international standards and we have around 85 partnership universities abroad,” he said.
Zaman University established last year and Erkan Polatdemir who is the rector of the university said that his university follows the international standards with qualified teaching staffs holding doctor degree from abroad, modern facilities and challenging curriculum.
“We charge much higher in order to provide quality education for students,” he said.
Due to the different fee charging, students who study at cheap university are wondering about their job in the future. “Generally if university is expensive, the quality is better, which can make students easy to find job after graduation,” said Hong Choeun, head of National Employment Agency (NEA), explaining that fee shows the quality and name of university.
“All universities have to strengthen the education quality for students so that they are qualified for job,” he added.
Pen Sithol said that getting jobs sometimes is not dependent on degree of universities, but it is contingent on other factors, “There is no study of students who get jobs after graduation, so it is hard to judge which one provides good quality.”
ដោយ ស៊ុន ណារិន និងវន មករា
ជាមួយការកើនឡើងនូវវិទ្យាស្ថាន ឯកជន អប់រំកម្រិតខ្ពស់នៅព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជាជាពិសេសមានសាលា និងសាកលវិទ្យាល័យជាច្រើននៅទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ។ តាមរយៈគណៈកម្មាធិការការទទួលស្គាល់ការអប់រំនៅកម្ពុជា ACC ដែលកំពុងធ្វើការពង្រឹងគុណភាពអប់រំសម្រាប់និស្សិតចាប់តាំងពីមានគម្លាតនៃការចំណាយថ្លៃបង់សាលាបានក្លាយជាការព្រួយបារម្ភចម្បងរបស់និស្សិត។
តាមរយៈក្រសួងអប់រំ បានឲ្យដឹងថា មានវិទ្យាស្ថាន សាកលវិទ្យាល័យជាង៤០នៅទូទំាងប្រទេស ក្នុងនោះមានប្រមាណជា៣០ជាកម្មសិទ្ធិឯកជន។ លោក ប៉ែន ស៊ីថុល ប្រធានស្តង់ដារ និងការទទួលស្គាល់ការអប់រំដែលមើលការត្រួតពិនិត្យACC បានឲ្យដឹងថា ការកើនឡើងមហាវិទ្យាល័យគឺជាសញ្ញាណមួយល្អចំពោះប្រព័ន្ធអប់រំ ព្រោះកម្ពុជាគឺជាទីផ្សារសេរី។ លោកពន្យល់ថា៖ «ខ្ញុំអាចធ្វើឲ្យមហាវិទ្យាល័យទំាងអស់ប្រកួតប្រជែងគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមក និងផ្សារភ្ជាប់ជាមួយគុណភាព ហើយនិសិ្សតមានជម្រើសច្រើនក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសមហាវិទ្យាល័យណាដែលគេចូលចិត្ត»។
ប៉ែន ស៊ីថុល ACC បានឲ្យដឹងថា បង្កើតគុណភាពអប់រំទៅតាមតម្រូវការគ្រប់មហាវិទ្យាល័យទំាងអស់ ដោយផ្តោតទៅលើ៩ស្តង់ដារដែលមានឈ្មោះថា គោលបំណង រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធអភិបាលរកិច្ច ផែនការនិងការគ្រប់គ្រង កម្មវិធីសិក្សា ការបង្រៀនបុគ្គលិក សេវាកម្មសិស្សនិងនិស្សិត ការបង្រៀននិងការសិក្សាធនធនា ការសម្រួលផ្នែករូបកាយ ផែនការនិងការរៀបចំហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ និងចំណុចចុងក្រោយគឺការចែកផ្សាយព័ត៌មាន។ កាលពីឆ្នាំ២០០៨ ACC បានធ្វើការវាយតម្លៃលើគ្រប់វិទ្យាស្ថានអប់រំកម្រិតខ្ពស់នៅទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ។ តាមរយៈការវាយតម្លៃនេះ បានរកឃើញថា មានមហាវិទ្យាល័យ៥បរាជ័យមិនបានទៅតាមកម្រិតស្តង់ដារនៃគុណភាពអប់រំដែលបង្កើតឡើងដោយ ACC។
នាពេលថ្មីៗនេះ មានសាកលវិទ្យាល័យដែលមានតម្លៃថ្លៃៗមួយចំនួនតូចត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ហើយតម្រូវឲ្សសិស្សបង់ថ្លៃខ្ពស់ ក្នុងនោះរួមមានទំាង សាលាលីមកុកវីង (Limkokwing) ដែលវាមានតម្លៃដល់ទៅ១៧០០ដុល្លារ និង សាលាហ្សាម៉ាន់ (Zaman) គិតតម្លៃជាធម្យម៣០០០ដុល្លារ (per year or per month)?។ មហាវិទ្យាល័យខ្លះតម្រូវឲ្យបង់ក្នុងតម្លៃខ្ពស់គឺអាចទទួលយកបាន ប៉ុន្តែបើគិតក្នុងតម្លៃទាប ប្រាកដជាមានសិស្សមួយចំនួនគិតថា តើពួកគេអាចទទួលបានគុណភាពអប់រំឬទេ។
ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ លោក ប៉ែន ស៊ីថុល បាននិយាយថា គ្រប់មហាវិទ្យាល័យទំាងអស់មានធនធានបង្កើតថ្លៃសាលា។ លោកពន្យល់ទៀតថា ពេលខ្លះមហាវិទ្យាល័យទំាងនោះមានថវិកាឧបត្ថម្ភពីអង្គការជាដៃគូផ្សេងៗទៀត។ ដូច្នេះពួកគេគិតថ្លៃចូលរៀនក្នុងតម្លៃថោក។
លោកបន្តទៀតថា៖ «វាមិនមានន័យថាមហាវិទ្យាល័យគិតតម្លៃថោក មានគុណភាពអន់នោះទេ»។ ប៉ុន្តែបន្ថែមទៀតថា ក្នុងករណីដែលថាមហាវិទ្យាល័យទំាងនោះគ្មានថវិកាផ្សេងទៀតមកទ្រទ្រង់។ ពួកគេគិតថ្លៃថោកដែលលទ្ធផលចេញមកក៏មានដែនកំណត់ ហើយធនធានមនុស្សនិងគុណភាពក៏ទៅតាមនោះដែរ។
សាកលវិទ្យាល័យចេនឡាដែលត្រូវបានកកើតឡើងតាំងពីឆ្នាំ២០០៧ និងទទួលស្គាល់ដោយ ACC នៅឆ្នាំ២០០៨ សាកលវិទ្យាល័យនេះតម្រូវឲ្យសិស្សបង់ថ្លៃចាប់ពី២៥០ដុល្លារដល់៣៥០ដុល្លារ(per year or per month?) នេះបើប្រៀបធៀបទៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យផ្សេងទៀត វានៅមានកម្រិតទាប។ លោក ស៊ិន ខ័ណ្ឌី សាកលវិទ្យាធិការសាកលវិទ្យាល័យចេនឡា បាននិយាយថា សាកលវិទ្យាល័យរបស់លោកគិតតម្លៃមិនសូវថ្លៃទេ ហើយថែមទំាងបញ្ចុះតម្លៃចំពោះនិស្សិតទៀតផង។
លោក ស៊ិន ខ័ណ្ឌី បន្ថែមទៀតថា៖ «ខ្ញុំចង់ជួយសិស្សក្រីក្រ ហើយខ្ញុំក៏ធានាបាននូវគុណភាពសម្រាប់ពួកគេ»។ សាលារបស់លោកមានបទពិសោធធនធានមនុស្សយ៉ាងហោចណាស់ក៏មានដល់កម្រិតថ្នាក់អនុបណ្ឌិតដែរ ទៅតាមកម្រិតស្តង់ដារ ហើយសិស្សអាចយកចំណេះដឹងទៅអនុវត្តផ្ទាល់។ លោកបានឲ្យដឹងទៀតថា៖ «សាលារបស់ខ្ញុំមានអ្នកឧបត្ថម្ភជាដៃគូរបរទេសនៃសាកលវិទ្យាល័យគុណយ៉ាង (Kongyang University) ហើយខ្ញុំមានដើមទុនដើម្បីទ្រទ្រង់គ្រប់យ៉ាងសម្រាប់សាលារបស់ខ្ញុំ។
សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអាស៊ីអឺរុប (AEU) គិតថ្លៃបង់សាលាថោកដូចសាកលវិទ្យាល័យចេនឡាដែរ។ ឈឿន សាវន សាកលវិទ្យាធិការង AEU បានឲ្យដឹងថា គុណភាពគឺធានាបាននូវគ្រូបង្រៀនដែលមានបទពិសោធ និងផ្តល់សម្ភារះគ្រប់គ្រាន់ដល់សាលា។ លោកបានឲ្យដឹងទៀតថា៖ «យើងមានអគារខ្លួនឯង មិនដូចសាកលវិទ្យាល័យផ្សេងទៀតទេ។ ដូច្នេះវាជួយសម្រាលនូវការចំណាយរបស់យើង។ យើងក៏ចង់ជួយសិស្សណាដែលមិនអាចផ្គត់ផ្គង់ការសិក្សានៅសាលាថ្លៃ»។
លោក ហ៊ូវ លាងហោ អាយុ២១ឆ្នាំ និស្សិតផ្នែកគិលានុបដ្ឋាយិកានៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យចេនឡា បាននិយាយថា ថ្លៃសិក្សានៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យនេះមានតម្លៃ៨០០ដុល្លារប៉ុណ្ណោះដែលអាចទទួលយកបានបើប្រៀបធៀបទៅនឹងសាកលវិទ្យាល័យផ្សេងទៀតដែលសិស្សត្រូវបង់អស់លុយជាច្រើន។ លោកបន្ថែមទៀតថា គុណភាពត្រូវបានធានាសម្រាប់សិស្សដូចសាលាផ្សេងទៀតដែរ។
លោក ហ៊ូវ លាងហោ និយាយថា៖ «គុណភាពគឺដូចទៅនឹងសាកលវិទ្យាល័យផ្សេងទៀតជាមួយធនធានមនុស្សដែលមានបទពិសោធ។ សាកលវិទ្យាល័យផ្សេងទៀតបង់លុយថ្លៃ ព្រោះតែឈ្មោះរបស់ពួកគេ»។
លោក ប៉ែន ស៊ីថុល បានឲ្យដឹងទៀតថា ជាទូទៅតម្រូវឲ្យបង់លុយថ្លៃ ដោយសារសាលាមានសេវាកម្មគ្រប់គ្រាន់ និងធនធានមនុស្សដែលមានវិជ្ជាជីវះ។ លើសពីនេះទៀត វាមានភាពលំបាកណាស់ក្នុងការសម្រេចថាសាលាមួយណាល្អ មួយណាមិនសូវល្អ។
លោក ស៊ីថុល និយាយទៀតថា៖ «យើងគ្រាន់តែប្រកួតប្រជែងកម្រិតគុណភាពជាមួយសាលាផ្សេងទៀត។ វាមិនមែនពឹងផ្អែកតែទៅលើថ្លៃសាលាទេ អ្វីដែលសំខាន់បំផុតនោះគឺសិស្សអាចក្រេបជញ្ជក់នូវចំណេះដឹងពីគ្រូឬអត់»។
លោក គៀង រតនា សាកលវិទ្យាធិការរងនៃសាកលវិទ្យាល័យបញ្ញាសាស្រ្តកម្ពុជា (PUC) ដែលសាលានេះក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំៗមានសិស្សចូលរៀនប្រមាណ៣០០០នាក់។ លោកបាននិយាយថា សាលារបស់លោកឲ្យសិស្សបង់ថ្លៃច្រើនជាង៦០០ដុល្លារក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំ និងផ្តល់នូវគុណភាពអប់រំ និងសេវាកម្មល្អដល់សិស្សដូចជាធនធានមនុស្ស និងសេវាកម្មជាច្រើនទៀត។
លោកបានបន្តទៀតថា៖ «បើសិនជាយើងគិតពីគុណភាពវិញតម្លៃដែលយើងគិតពីសិស្សគឺនៅមានកម្រិតទាប។ យើងធ្វើតាមកម្រិតអន្តរជាតិ ហើយយើងមានដៃគូរប្រហែលជា៨៥សាកលវិទ្យាល័យទៀតនៅក្រៅប្រទេស»។
ចំណែកឯសាកលវិទ្យាល័យហ្សាម៉ាន់ ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងកាលពីឆ្នាំមុន ហើយលោក Erkan Polatdemir គឺជាសាកលវិទ្យាធិការនៃសាកលវិទ្យាល័យនេះ។ លោកនិយាយថា សាលារបស់លោកធ្វើតាមកម្រិតស្តង់ដារអន្តរជាតិជាមួយគុណភាពនៃការបង្រៀន បុគ្គលិកកំពុងតែមានសញ្ញាប័ត្របណ្ឌិតមកពីបរទេស សេវាកម្មទាន់សម័យ និង ជម្នះរាល់ឧបសគ្គ។ លោកបន្តទៀតថា៖ «យើងគិតថ្លៃខ្ពស់ជាងនេះទៀតដោយសារផ្តល់គុណភាពអប់រំដល់សិស្ស»។
ដោយសារការគិតថ្លៃខុសគ្នានៅតាមសាលានិមួយៗ សិស្សដែលសិក្សានៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យដែលមានតម្លៃថោកកំពុងមានការព្រួយបារម្ភអំពីអនាគតការងាររបស់ពួកគេ។ លោក ហុង ជឿន ប្រធានទីភ្ងាក់ងារបុគ្គលិកជាតិ (NEA) បានឲ្យដឹងថា៖ «ជាទូទៅ បើសិនជាថ្លៃសាលាមានតម្លៃថ្លៃគុណភាពវាក៏បានល្អដែរ និងផ្តល់ភាពងាយស្រួលដល់សិស្សស្វែងរកការងារធ្វើបន្ទាប់ពីរៀនចប់»។ លោកពន្យល់ទៀតថា តម្លៃបង្ហាញពីគុណភាពនិងឈ្មោះរបស់សាលា។
លោក ហុង ជឿន បន្តទៀតថា៖ «សាកលវិទ្យាល័យទំាងអស់ត្រូវពង្រឹងគុណភាពអប់រំសម្រាប់សិស្ស ដូច្នេះពួកគេគ្រប់គ្រាន់ចំពោះការងារ»។
ប៉ែន ស៊ីថុល បានឲ្យដឹងទៀតថា ការទទួលបានការងារធ្វើ ពេលខ្លះមិនអាស្រ័យលើសញ្ញាប័ត្ររបស់សាលាទេ ប៉ុន្តែវាអាស្រ័យលើវិស័យផ្សេងៗទៀត។ លោកបន្តទៀតថា៖ «យើងមិនបានសិក្សាទៅលើសិស្សទទួលបានការងារធ្វើបន្ទាប់ពីបញ្ចប់ការសិក្សាទេ។ ដូច្នេះលំបាកណាស់ក្នុងការវិនិច្ឆ័យថា សាលាមួយណាផ្តល់គុណភាពល្អ»។ PV/Lift
Land Conflict and Mass Communication Theory
By SUN Narin
LAND dispute is a heat and persistent issue in Cambodia since the nation’s government provided economic land concession and development areas to the local and foreign investors, which has caused hundreds of people being affected and replaced from their living area. According to the NGO Forum on Cambodia’s report, 236 land dispute cases occurred in 2009 and 81 cases happened in the five months early 2010.
In order to develop Phnom Penh capital, the government has replaced people from the development area though they are not satisfied with the compensation solution. As a result, they do the protests and demonstration to find fair solution, but nothing can be tackled and they also were, in some cases, forcefully replaced and beaten by the police. Roughly 85 demonstrations were staged by the land-grabbing victims in Phnom Penh in the first half of 2010, according to local rights group Adhoc official. The demonstrations and violent actions are always seen in few independent newspapers– the Phnom Penh Post and the Cambodia Daily– and broadcast by few foreign-supported radio stations such as Voice of America (VOA) and Radio Free Asia (RFA). On the other hand, the land-relevant news piece of demonstration or protests have never been covered on television.
It is obviously true that all the television stations in Cambodia are in favor of government, following the government’s policy by covering only government’s attainment, not news piece concerning government’s negative points, as the case of people’s protests for land solution and police’s violent action on the victims exemplifies. I have conducted a survey among a hundred university students in Phnom Penh and the result dictates that 84 percent of students say that the news program on televisions is biased to the government. Applying Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw’s agenda-setting theory which is the idea of the creation regarding news piece of public awareness and concern of salient issues by the news media, the television owners set kinds of news for people to know by broadcasting only news that they want people to know; they do not reveal the information pertaining to government’s negative points to specific situation, for instance people’s protests of land dispute.
In addition to agenda setting theory, developmental media theory of Denis McQuail (1987), a normative theory calling for government and media to work in partnership to ensure that media assist in the planned beneficial development of the country, is used in the land issue. This theory argues that until a nation is well established and its economic development well under way, media must be supportive rather than critical of government (J. Baran and K. Davis). To illustrate this with the land case, all television stations work to promote government’s achievement and do not view land protests for the public because they may find that this land protest can make people aware that the government is not kind to people at all. However, it seems, for practice in media in Cambodia, that Cambodian journalists promote the government due to the government’s influence on them such as money and power, not based on the idea of the theory at all. We can see clearly that newspapers, radios, especially televisions are media tool used by political people to promote their policies, not criticizing government or disclosing negative points of the leaders to the public. To sum up the above-mentioned description, most of newspapers, radios and televisions owners use agenda-setting theory along with the developmental media theory to view the land conflict for the public.
In my opinion, agenda-setting theory must not be applied in Cambodia because the country is democratic, so people have rights to access and be aware of every situation and a variety of topics related to the country both positivity and negativity. The media owners should not set topics for people to know, they, in stead, should tell a variety of topics to the public. Regarding land dispute, social responsibility of press is perfectly applicable to the country as the theory argues that journalists have to answer society’s need for truth, provide an open and diverse debate on public issues, and honest updates of current events. The theory also shows that the journalists should accept and fulfill certain obligations to society and they should be accountable to society.
In addition, journalists have to act as a watchdog, the idea of professionalization, for the people to serve the public needs, meaning that they have to let people know all kinds of news both positivity and negativity of government; people will know how the government is leading the country, what the nation’s development is and what government is doing to people since they are the people who vote for the government. Due to the fact that Cambodia is a developing country, developmental theory is not applicable to the country. Through my observation, the country’s development is slow; leading system has not been good yet and there are still a lot of negative points of government to solve, so media should criticize the government for a better change. Concerning land dispute, media, especially televisions should view demonstrations and protests to the public so that they know about the situation in the country. Moreover, the government will do whatever they want without considering opposition ideas if there is no criticism.
Responding to the media developmental media theory, U.S journalists have been critical of this view, believing that it is an updated version of authoritarian theory and that media should have never surrender the power to criticize government policies, even if voicing those criticism risks causing them to fail (J. Baran and K. Davis). According to the survey that I have done with 100 university students, 81 percent of students say that television need should criticize the government and 79 percent of students say that television stations should view demonstration, protests and violent actions of land conflict.
The opponent raising the idea that professionalization and social responsibility theory cannot be practiced in Cambodia’s media since the extremely powerful influence and media structure in Cambodia. However, as a democratic country and for better development, the journalists have to struggle against these impediments.
In conclusion, media in Cambodia are not in good condition and now agenda-setting and developmental media are not applicable for the press. I think professionalization and social responsibility theory can develop media system leading country to development.
Preah Vihear Foundation in Pursat
By Sun Narin
Due to the recent clash between Cambodian and Thai soldiers at the border of Preah Vihear, Cambodia’s government has started to raise fund to support the soldiers at the border. Now we can see that fund has been raised through televisions and other kinds of media. In Pursat province, under the advice from the ministry of Interior, the provincial governor issued a statement to allow all the relevant institutions to collect fund from the people for the soldiers, which shows the nationalism.
The fund raising starts from the six to the twelve and today raising is 3478100 riels and 61 dollars.
អុជផាវចូលឆ្នាំចិន
សាលាក្រុងភ្នំពេញបានចេញបំរាមមិនអោយប្រជាជននៅទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញមានការដុតផាវក្នុងឳកាសបុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំចិន ហើយអាជីវករនៅ
តាមទីផ្សារនានាក៏មិនអនុញ្ញាតិអោយលក់ផាវដែរ។ ទោះបីជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ នៅតាមបណ្តាខេត្តគ្មានការហាមឃាត់នោះទេ ដោយ
ប្រជាជនអាចបន្លឺសម្លេងផាវនៅតាមផ្ទះរបស់ពួកគេនៅថ្ងៃសែន ហើយការឡកមុងសាយ ក៏មានការអុជផាវជាធម្មតាដូចឆ្នាំមុនៗ។
ឧទាហរណ៍ នៅខេត្តពោធិ៍សាត់ ផ្ទះណាដែលសែន តែងតែមានការអុជផាវ។
survey on television news
I have conducted a survey among a hundred university students in Phnom Penh and the result dictates that 84 percent of students say that the news program on television is biased to the government.
– 81 percent of students say that television need should criticize the government.
– 79 percent of students say that television stations should view demonstration, protests and violent actions of land conflict.
